Furniture

For the supply of 5 different manufactured brand of office furniture. Discounts and product lines offered have been negotiated directly with the manufacturers and ensures that their authorized resellers all offer the same discounts as those offered by the manufacturer. Discounts offered vary from product line to product line but are generally significantly lower than current list price. End users should be aware that the authorized resellers vary from CSA to CSA. They should review each individual CSA resellers list prior to ordering furniture to ensure the supplier is authorized to sell that specific brand of office furniture. NOTE: The resellers list does change from time to time.

Note to all users: Ministries and other Public Sector Agencies who acquire mobile filing systems or ARC rotary filing systems should contact ARES and/or their building landlord prior to ordering product to ensure that the flooring weight/load ratio is sufficient for their building. “Movable Walls” are not covered under any of the furniture CSA’s. All government ministries are to submit a requisition along with detailed specifications (as outlined below) on all “movable wall” requirements over $5,000 All government ministries are to contact ARES(Accommodation & Real Estate Services) and other Public Sector Agencies should contact ARES and/or their building landlord to ensure the building’s HVAC system would not be compromised should “movable walls” be installed.

Furniture

For the supply of 5 different manufactured brand of office furniture. Discounts and product lines offered have been negotiated directly with the manufacturers and ensures that their authorized resellers all offer the same discounts as those offered by the manufacturer. Discounts offered vary from product line to product line but are generally significantly lower than current list price. End users should be aware that the authorized resellers vary from CSA to CSA. They should review each individual CSA resellers list prior to ordering furniture to ensure the supplier is authorized to sell that specific brand of office furniture. NOTE: The resellers list does change from time to time.

Note to all users: Ministries and other Public Sector Agencies who acquire mobile filing systems or ARC rotary filing systems should contact ARES and/or their building landlord prior to ordering product to ensure that the flooring weight/load ratio is sufficient for their building.

“Movable Walls” are not covered under any of the furniture CSA’s. All government ministries are to submit a requisition along with detailed specifications on all “movable wall” requirements over $5,000 All government ministries are to contact ARES (Accommodation & Real Estate Services) and other Public Sector Agencies should contact ARES and/or their building landlord to ensure the building’s HVAC system would not be compromised should “movable walls” be installed.

Remedies to Indoor Air Quality Problems

Living Areas

Paneling, pressed-wood furniture and cabinetry

These products may release formaldehyde gas. Remedy: Ask about formaldehyde content before buying furniture or cabinets. Some types of pressed-wood products, such as those with phenol resin, emit less formaldehyde. Also, products coated with polyurethane or laminates may reduce formaldehyde emissions. After installation, open windows. Maintain moderate temperature and humidity.

Carpet

Biological pollutants can grow on water-damaged carpet. New carpet can release organic gases. Remedy: Promptly clean and dry water-damaged carpet, or remove it altogether. If adhesives are needed, ask for low-emitting ones. During installation, open doors and windows, and use window fans or room air conditioners. Vacuum regularly. Consider area rugs instead of wall-to-wall carpet. Rugs are easier to remove and clean, and the floor underneath also can be cleaned.

Floor tiles

Some contain asbestos. Remedy: Periodically inspect for damage or deterioration. Do not cut, rip, sand or remove any asbestos-containing materials. If you plan to make changes that might disturb the asbestos, or if materials are more than slightly damaged, contact a professional for repair or removal.

Moisture

Moisture encourages biological pollutants, including allergens such as mold, mildew, dust mites and cockroaches. Remedy: If possible, eliminate moisture sources. Install and use exhaust fans. Use a dehumidifier if necessary. Remove molds and mildew by cleaning with a solution of chlorine bleach (1 cup bleach to 1 gallon water). Maintain good fresh air with natural and mechanical air circulation.

Fireplace

Your fireplace can be a source of carbon monoxide and combustion pollutants. Remedy: Open the flue when using the fireplace. Have the flue and chimney inspected annually for exhaust backdrafting, flue obstructions or cracks, excess creosote or other damage. Install smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.

Air conditioner

This can be a source of biological allergens. Remedy: If there is a water tray, empty and clean it often. Follow all service and maintenance procedures, including changing the filter.

Gas or kerosene space heater

These devices can release carbon monoxide and combustion pollutants. Remedy: Never use unvented kerosene or gas space heaters. In the room where the heater is located, provide fresh air by opening a door to the rest of the house, turning on an exhaust fan and slightly opening a window.

Tobacco smoke

Smoke contains harmful combustion and particulate pollutants, including carbon monoxide and combustion byproducts. Remedy: Do not smoke in your home or permit others to do so, especially near children. If smoking cannot be avoided indoors, open windows or use exhaust fans, and restrict smoking to one space.

Draperies

New draperies may be treated with a formaldehyde-based finish and emit odors for a short time. Remedy: Before hanging, air draperies to ventilate odors. After hanging, ventilate the area. Maintain moderate temperature and humidity.

Lead-based paint

Paint manufactured before l978 may contain lead. Remedy: Leave lead-based paint undisturbed if it is in good condition. Before removing paint, test for lead. Do-it-yourself lead test kits are available from hardware or building supply stores. Do not sand, burn off or remove lead-based paint yourself; hire a person with special training to correct lead-based paint problems.

Animals

Many animals leave allergens, such as dander, hair, feathers or skin, in the air. Remedy: Keep pets outdoors as often as possible. Clean the entire house regularly. Deep clean areas where pets are permitted. Clean pets regularly.

House dust mites

Biological allergens can trigger asthma. Remedy: Clean and vacuum regularly. Wash bedding in hot water above 130 degrees F. Use more hard-surface finishes; they are less likely to attract and hold dust mites.

Kids Corner Marine Art/Poster Contest

The Massachusetts Marine Educators and Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary have jointly sponsored an annual Marine Art/Poster Contest for several years. Since 2003, the winners and honorable mention selections have been posted on this web site.

Over the years there have been many wonderful submissions. The judges have had a hard time choosing among all of the talented young artists who have submitted work. We hope you enjoy the artwork posted on the pages linked below.

Contest judges will continue to be:

Robert Lyn Nelson -- internationally renowned marine artist
Dave Blanchette -- children's book illustrator and painter
Dennis Huston -- graphic artist (Creative Resources Group)
Richard Wheeler -- educator, naturalist, explorer and artist
Nathalie Ward -- author of Field Guide to the Stellwagen Bank NMS
Anne Smrcina -- education coordinator of the Stellwagen Bank NMS

ABC Boards — United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico

Following national Prohibition, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution provides states with broad powers and authority to regulate the sale and distribution of alcohol within their borders. (This is in addition to Federal requirements.) Each state created its own unique system of alcohol beverage control. There are two general classifications. “Control” states, 18 in number, are the sole wholesalers of distilled spirits, as well as the retailers in various ways in some of these States. “License” states, of which there are 32, do not participate in the sale of alcohol beverages and regulate through the issuance of licenses to industry members that do business within their states. (Control states also license those activities outside of the state’s direct involvement in the sale of alcohol beverages.)

In addition to meeting Federal regulations, individuals and businesses must meet each state’s individual laws and regulations. These state laws and regulations, which vary widely from state to state, may be more restrictive than Federal regulations and must be met in addition to Federal requirements unless the Federal law pre-empts the State law wherein they desire to do business. For example regarding pre-emption, the Government Warning label on alcohol beverages pre-empts the states from imposing a similar requirement. (See 27 U.S.C. section 216.) Likewise, the state may not authorize a bottle size for distilled spirits that is not also authorized at the Federal level.

The following directory provides the contact information for each state and a link to their Web site. Please contact those states directly wherein you desire to do business.

Taste Your Way Through Michigan's Scenic Wine Country

Start planning your Michigan wine-tasting tour today with the newly released Michigan Wine Country magazine!

This complimentary magazine is published annually by the Michigan Grape and Wine Industry Council and features tour maps and information about Michigan’s 40 wineries.

Learn about the delicious fruit wines and spirits made in Michigan; check out the extensive calendar of events to plan your fun for the whole summer; and discover Vintage Michigan–a club designed for Michigan wine enthusiasts that offers discounts at wineries, restaurants and retailers throughout the state.

Marriage Licenses

Marriage licenses are issued to applicants on the spot. A marriage license is valid for 90 days from the date of issuance. There are no citizenship or residency requirements; nor are blood tests required. Applicants must be over 18 years of age. Couples can submit the APPLICATION FOR A MARRIAGE LICENSE ONLINE. When arriving in our office to complete the application, online applications are taken on a priority basis.

For your convenience, appointments are accepted but are not required.

Walk in applicants are taken on a first come first served basis. Processing time is approximately 20 to 40 minutes. Afternoons and Fridays are the busiest times and the processing time is likely to be longer.

Payment can be made by cash, personal check, cashier's check, money order, or ATM/Debit card (additional $2.50 terminal usage fee).

To complete the application for a Marriage License a couple must:

• Appear together in person

• Present one form of a valid non-expired photo identification each (driver's license, passport).

• Please provide proof of divorce decree, dissolution/termination of SRDP or Death certificate; if ended within last 90 days.

Museums and galleries

Hull’s unique Museums Quarter - consisting of Wilberforce House, the Hull and East Riding Museum, Streetlife and the Arctic Corsair trawler - is simply the best place to start your discovery of historic Hull. Entry into all of our museums is free!

You’ll find the Quarter on High Street in the heart of the Old Town, on the banks of the River Hull, with the old warehouses, merchant dwellings, staithes, lanes and pubs nearby all lending their unique flavour to this historic district.

GPO's Living History: Adelaide R. Hasse

Women have always worked for the Government Printing Office, but until the 20th century few left an individual mark upon its history. One exception to this rule was Adelaide R. Hasse, the first Superintendent of Documents librarian. In her brief 2-year career at GPO, she almost singlehandedly set up the documents library and devised the classification system that, in an expanded form, is still in use today. Her years here show what an intelligent and strong-minded young woman could achieve in the "man's world" of GPO in the 1890's.

Interior Designers

Interior designers draw upon many disciplines to enhance the function, safety, and aesthetics of interior spaces. Their main concerns are with how different colors, textures, furniture, lighting, and space work together to meet the needs of a building's occupants. Designers plan interior spaces of almost every type of building, including offices, airport terminals, theaters, shopping malls, restaurants, hotels, schools, hospitals, and private residences. Good design can boost office productivity, increase sales, attract a more affluent clientele, provide a more relaxing hospital stay, or increase a building's market value.

Traditionally, most interior designers focused on decorating choosing a style and color palette and then selecting appropriate furniture, floor and window coverings, artwork, and lighting. However, an increasing number of designers are becoming involved in architectural detailing, such as crown molding and built-in bookshelves, and in planning layouts of buildings undergoing renovation, including helping to determine the location of windows, stairways, escalators, and walkways.

Interior designers must be able to read blueprints, understand building and fire codes, and know how to make space accessible to people who are disabled. Designers frequently collaborate with architects, electricians, and building contractors to ensure that designs are safe and meet construction requirements.

Whatever space they are working on, almost all designers follow the same process. The first step, known as programming, is to determine the client's needs and wishes. The designer usually meets face-to-face with the client to find out how the space will be used and to get an idea of the client's preferences and budget. For example, the designer might inquire about a family's cooking habits if the family is remodeling a kitchen or ask about a store or restaurant's target customer in order to pick an appropriate motif. The designer also will visit the space to take inventory of existing furniture and equipment and identify positive attributes of the space and potential problems.

Then, the designer formulates a design plan and estimates costs. Today, designs often are created with the use of computer-aided design (CAD), which provides more detail and easier corrections than sketches made by hand. Once the designer completes the proposed design, he or she will present it to the client and make revisions based on the client's input.

When the design concept is decided upon, the designer will begin specifying the materials, finishes, and furnishings required, such as furniture, lighting, flooring, wall covering, and artwork. Depending on the complexity of the project, the designer also might submit drawings for approval by a construction inspector to ensure that the design meets building codes. If a project requires structural work, the designer works with an architect or engineer for that part of the project. Most designs also require the hiring of contractors to do technical work, such as lighting, plumbing, or electrical wiring. Often designers choose contractors and write work contracts.

Finally, the designer develops a timeline for the project, coordinates contractor work schedules, and makes sure work is completed on time. The designer oversees the installation of the design elements, and after the project is complete, the designer, together with the client, pay follow-up visits to the building site to ensure that the client is satisfied. If the client is not satisfied, the designer makes corrections.

Clinical Trials on Skin Cancer

Acitretin is given to hemodialysis patients who have developed in-situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in increasing doses up to 25 mg daily for one year.

Further Study Information
Acitretin is given to hemodialysis patients who have developed in-situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in increasing doses up to 25 mg daily for one year. Plasma levels of acitretin will be monitored and influence of hemodialysis on acitretin plasma levels will be determined. Number of in-situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin cases will be determined. Trial with medicinal productEligibility Criteria

Inclusion criteria:
Hemodialyis patients with at least one case of in-situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Exclusion criteria:
Hepatopathy

Pregnancy

Definition of skin cancer

Cancer that forms in tissues of the skin. There are several types of skin cancer. Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes (skin cells that make pigment) is called melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in basal cells (small, round cells in the base of the outer layer of skin) is called basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in squamous cells (flat cells that form the surface of the skin) is called squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in neuroendocrine cells (cells that release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system) is called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Most skin cancers form in older people on parts of the body exposed to the sun or in people who have weakened immune systems.

Try these tips when you are out 'n about

1. Order vegetable toppings on pizza instead of salty high-fat meats like pepperoni or sausage.
2. Share popcorn (and skip the added butter) at the movies instead of getting your own bag, or order the smallest size — you will save money too!
3. Choose bottled water instead of sweetened soda.
4. Munch on pretzels, or vegetables at parties instead of fried chips or fatty dips.
5. If you drink wine, beer, or other alcohol, limit yourself to one drink — alcohol has lots of calories but little nutritional value.

Nature of the Work of Barbers

Barbers and cosmetologists focus on providing hair care services to enhance the appearance of consumers. Other personal appearance workers, such as manicurists and pedicurists, shampooers, theatrical and performance makeup artists, and skin care specialists provide specialized beauty services that help clients look and feel their best.

Barbers cut, trim, shampoo, and style hair mostly for male clients. They also may fit hairpieces and offer scalp treatments and facial shaving. In many States, barbers are licensed to color, bleach, or highlight hair and to offer permanent-wave services. Barbers also may provide skin care and nail treatments.

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists offer a wide range of beauty services, such as shampooing, cutting, coloring, and styling of hair. They may advise clients on how to care for their hair at home. In addition, cosmetologists may be trained to give manicures, pedicures, and scalp and facial treatments; provide makeup analysis; and clean and style wigs and hairpieces.
A number of workers offer specialized services. Manicurists and pedicurists, called nail technicians in some States, work exclusively on nails and provide manicures, pedicures, polishing, and nail extensions to clients. Another group of specialists is skin care specialists, or estheticians, who cleanse and beautify the skin by giving facials, full-body treatments, and head and neck massages as well as apply makeup. They also may remove hair through waxing or, if properly trained, laser treatments. Theatrical and performance makeup artists, apply makeup to enhance performing artists’ appearance for movie, television, or stage performances. Finally, in larger salons, shampooers specialize in shampooing and conditioning hair.

In addition to working with clients, personal appearance workers may keep records of hair color or skin care regimens used by their regular clients. A growing number actively sell hair, skin, and nail care products. Barbers, cosmetologists, and other personal appearance workers who operate their own salons have managerial duties that may include hiring, supervising, and firing workers, as well as keeping business and inventory records, ordering supplies, and arranging for advertising.

Look Good as You Get Fit

If you avoid physical activity because you do not want to ruin your hairstyle, try:

a natural hairstyle
a style that can be wrapped or pulled back
a short haircut
braids, twistes or locs.

TIP: Day-to-day activities can cause salt buildup in your hair. To remove salt, shampoo with a mild, pH-balanced product at least once a week.

Furniture Flame Retardancy Partnership

The Furniture Flame Retardancy Partnership is a joint venture between the Furniture Industry, Chemical Manufacturers, Environmental Groups and the Environmental Protection Agency to better understand fire safety options for the furniture industry.

The primary flame retardant historically used in low-density flexible polyurethane foam (pentabromodiphenyl ether - pentaBDE) was voluntarily phased out of production by the sole U.S. manufacturer on December 31, 2004. PentaBDE, with its ability to delay ignition of materials, has saved lives, but there are concerns over its use. Studies worldwide have found pentaBDE to be widespread in the environment and in human tissue and breast milk. More information is available on the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) webpage.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission is also considering more stringent fire safety standards for residential furniture. These new standards could result in more flame retardants being used in furniture foam and fabric in the future.

The decisions the industry must make now on flame retardant alternatives offer a real opportunity to protect public health and the environment. Through the Furniture Flame Retardancy Partnership, EPA and its partners are working to identify and move toward environmentally safer approaches to meeting fire safety standards. The partnership's first objective has been to provide up-to-date toxicological and environmental information on flame retardants used in furniture foam so that furniture manufacturers and suppliers can make informed decisions about which chemicals to use. This work is captured in the partnership's report: "Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for Low-Density Polyurethane Foam," which focuses on flame retardants in furniture foam as alternatives to pentaBDE.

Next, the partnership plans to develop and implement a process to identify additional toxicological data needed for adequately assessing the flame-retardant alternatives reviewed in this report. In the future, the partnership intends to evaluate additional chemical flame retardants and other materials that may be necessary to meet planned national fire safety standards.

Facing Facts

Under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the FDA legally defines products by their intended uses. Drugs are defined as products intended for treating or preventing disease and affecting the structure or any function of the body. A medical device is a product that also is intended to affect the structure or function of the body, but which does not achieve its primary intended purposes through the chemical action of a drug--nor is it dependent on being metabolized.

The hyaluronic acid in Restylane, although biosynthetically produced (formed of chemical compounds by the enzyme action of living organisms), is almost identical to that in all living organisms. Hyaluronic acid is a structural component of skin that creates volume and shape. Concentrations of hyaluronic acid throughout the body decline with age, causing undesirable changes in the skin. Restylane binds to water and provides volume to easily fill in larger folds of skin left by tissue loss around the mouth and cheeks. "This makes it a structural action," says Rhodes, "much like a chin implant."

In contrast, cosmetics are defined as substances that cleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness, or alter the appearance, without affecting the body's structure or function. This definition includes skin-care products such as creams, lotions, powders and sprays; perfume; lipstick; fingernail polish; and more.

Different laws and regulations apply to each type of product. Some products must comply with the requirements for both cosmetics and drugs. This happens when a product has two intended uses, such as an antidandruff shampoo. A shampoo is a cosmetic because it is intended to clean hair. An antidandruff shampoo is a cosmetic and a drug because it is intended to treat dandruff (which affects the follicles where the hair is formed) and clean hair.

Warning letters issued by the FDA recently to firms that marketed hair care products with claims such as restoration of hair growth and hair loss prevention illustrate an important distinction between the legal definitions of cosmetics and drugs. Warning letters officially inform companies that they may be engaged in illegal activities, and instruct manufacturers on how to bring their products into compliance with the law. Hair growers and hair loss prevention products, because of their mechanism of action, are considered drugs, not cosmetics, and these firms were not meeting the legal requirements for marketing a drug.

Unlike drugs and medical devices, neither cosmetic products nor cosmetic ingredients are reviewed or approved by the FDA before they are sold to the public. The agency only acts against cosmetic products found to cause harm after they are on the market.

Science Meets Beauty: Using Medicine to Improve Appearances

A smaller nose. Bigger breasts. Slimmer thighs. Plumper lips. Less hair on the body. More hair on the head. Whether we're looking to tighten our tummies or lighten our laugh lines, America's fascination with youth and beauty has long fueled the development of medical products for cosmetic purposes. And if such "vanity drugs" can be shown to be safe and effective, the Food and Drug Administration just may approve.

The ongoing fight to delay or reverse the aging process has dermatologists and cosmetic plastic surgeons responding with products like Restylane (hyaluronic acid), one of a handful of soft tissue fillers recently approved by the FDA to treat facial wrinkles. Restylane is an injectable gel that acts as a filler to remove the wrinkle, producing instantaneous results. Such products are not as invasive as facelifts, eyelid surgery, and other reconstructive procedures. And they are more effective and last longer than creams, lotions and other topical products, whether over-the-counter or prescription. In addition, the fact that the treatments result in little or no downtime makes them more attractive to those seeking a quick fix. Without making a single incision, doctors can erase wrinkles, acne scars and sun damage in a matter of minutes.

"This is a huge industry," says Jonathan K. Wilkin, M.D., a medical officer in the FDA's Division of Dermatologic and Dental Drug Products. "The way people try to move the clock back is through the skin." Basically, he says, through various products and procedures, "they are addressing the effects of gravity on the skin over time."

Beauty Pageants

A beauty pageant, with participants competing on the basis of physical beauty, skill, talent, poise or personality, may prove to be a happy or a disappointing experience. To protect against financial risk, Georgia law has specific provisions regulating pageants that charge application or admission fees and that are run by for-profit organizations (O.C.G.A. Sections 10-1-830 through 10-1-838). The law exempts beauty contests run by nonprofit organizations and those where all of the money generated goes to a nonprofit organization.

Operators of for-profit beauty pageants must maintain a sufficient amount of funds to reimburse the contestants if an event is canceled. Georgia law requires either the posting of a $10,000 cash bond, made payable to the Governor, or placement of all contestants’ fees in an escrow account that cannot be accessed until the pageant is over. If a pageant is canceled, the operator must promptly return contestants’ paid entrance fees. However, a contestant who does not appear for the competition is not legally entitled to a refund of the entrance fee.

Before collecting any fees from a contestant, the organizer must provide a letter containing the following:

The operator’s name, address and telephone number;

The name, address and telephone number of the organization or individual conducting the pageant;

The names of the pageants the operator usually promotes;

The name and address of the authorized business representative;

The name, address and telephone number where the contestant’s fees are held;

The name, address and telephone number of the company holding the bond; and

The statement: “The State of Georgia requires bonding or escrow of pageants conducted for the profit of the operators.” The Governor’s Office of Consumer Affairs is responsible for enforcing these legal protections and will accept a complaint involving beauty pageants.

Virtue & Beauty

In a visual culture such as ours, it is hard to imagine a world nearly devoid of images of living people. But that was the case in Europe before the fifteenth century when artists devoted themselves almost exclusively to representing saints, biblical figures, and religious scenes. Secular portraiture was limited mainly to likenesses of rulers or images of donors tucked into the corners of altarpieces and other paintings of sacred themes.

In fifteenth-century Florence, portraiture expanded to encompass members of the merchant class, who appear in scores of panel paintings, on medals, and as marble busts. Almost from the outset, this development included women as well as men. Virtue and Beauty focuses on the flowering of female portraiture in Florence from c. 1440 to c. 1540; it also presents several male portraits, Northern European or courtly analogues, and works that relate specifically to Leonardo's Ginevra de' Benci, one of only three female portraits painted by the master. The works of art on view illustrate the broad shift that occurred in this period from the profile portrait to the three-quarter or frontal view of the sitter. Over time the portraits of women also became larger in scale, more elaborate, and more communicative with the viewer.

MDS and RUGs Classification System

The RUGs system is an exciting method for understanding and managing health care services for the long term care population. RUGs was developed and tested in Michigan by the Michigan Department of Community Health and the University of Michigan. When used as part of a case mix system of assessment, reassessment and care plan development, this system can effectively manage utilization, cost and quality outcomes.

RUGs III algorithms are used to assign home care recipients into one of seven major case mix categories. These are (from highest to lowest level of acuity): Special Rehabilitation, Extensive Services, Special Care, Clinically Complex, Impaired Cognition, Behavior Problems, and Reduced Physical Functions. A standard assessment and reassessment tool, the Minimum Dataset for Home Care, is used to collect RUGs data for analysis. Managers, providers and citizens are invited to explore this site for the latest on this new system that puts the SOM at the forefront of Long Term Care management.

Executive Furniture

Offers Executive Furniture in the Symphony, Baritone, and Concerto office furniture lines. These furniture lines are scaled to work within the wide range of Federal office environments and administrative space. Credenza bases, desks and credenza upper storage units can be configured to meet any specific office requirement. Double pedestal desks, secretarial desk with return tops allow for “L” and “U” shaped configurations.

These furniture lines include cabinets for telephone, computer and wardrobe requirements. In addition, there are lateral files, bookcases, mobile pedestals, occasional tables, and conference room tables.

FeaturesLighting: Accent down lights are standard with credenza upper bridges.

Pencil Tray: Desk center drawers feature maple hardwood pencil trays.

Drawer Slides: Slides are 100 pound rated, ball bearing slides with full extension.

Filing: File drawers feature adaptable rails for letter and legal filing. Lateral file drawers allow front-to-back vertical filing and side-to-side lateral filing.

Locks: All file drawers have locking mechanisms.

Wire Management: Wire management grommets are located on the sides of desks. In credenza kneehole areas at the top of the modesty panel, a scalloped opening is provided. Kneehole credenzas feature a removable modesty panel for ease of access to wall receptacles.

Greening Your Purchase of Carpet: A Guide for Federal Purchasers

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, or EPP, seeks the overall best value, taking into account price competitiveness, availability, regulatory requirements, performance, and environmental impact. Because purchasers typically have clear sources of information on procurement and regulatory requirements and well-established methods for evaluating price and performance, the US EPA has developed these purchasing guides to help government purchasers consider environmental factors in purchasing decisions. EPA realizes that there are not universal answers for all scenarios and that purchasers must take into account local conditions when weighing the various attributes of a particular product. Please note that EPA is not endorsing any of the products, services, or organizations described in the guides, and has not verified information provided by these organizations. Read more information about the EPP Program's history, tools, and resources.

Air Quality and Carpet Installation

Check to ensure that your new carpet meets indoor air quality standards. Carpet can be a major source of indoor air contamination, although some tests show that carpet is one of the lowest emitters of VOCs among various interior products. The styrene butadiene latex rubber used to adhere face fibers to backing materials and the adhesives used to install carpets generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carpets also cover large surfaces within an interior environment and can provide "sinks" for the absorption of VOCs from other sources. Carpets should never be installed near entrance doors or areas where moisture and organic matter can contaminate them. Carpet fibers are an excellent medium for dust mites and microbial agents, especially if the carpet becomes wet and cannot be properly dried. If installing carpet with VOCs, make sure that the carpet carries the CRI Indoor Air Quality Carpet Testing Green label. Installing carpets in strict accordance with the Carpet and Rug Institute guidelines as well as additional measures such as requiring suppliers to unroll and air-out carpets in the warehouse before bringing them into the building will minimize the risks of indoor air quality problems resulting from the carpet. Tests indicate that carpet emissions will dissipate within 48 to 72 hours with proper ventilation.

Alternatives to commercial carpets installed in rolls with adhesives containing VOCs include carpet tiles with tackless installation. Carpet tiles allow for the replacement of individual tiles when they are soiled or damaged. Fusion-bonded carpets use heat instead of adhesives to bond the face fiber to the primary backing, thereby reducing VOCs that are introduced into the building by the carpet. A variety of adhesives are included in the CRI Green label program. Water based adhesives are now available (see distributors below).

Rubber-based recycled padding is common and can outgas. Recycled padding from carpet fibers may be more suitable for environmentally sensitive persons. Carpet cushion is tested in the CRI program and a variety of cushion products qualify to carry the CRI Green label.

Crate and Barrel Recalls Shag Rugs Due to Fire Hazard

This recall involves the "Remy" shag rugs with SKU numbers listed below. The rugs are made of cotton jersey. The large rugs measure 5' by 8' and 2.5' by 7'. The small rugs measure 5' round, 2' by 3', 4' by 6'. "Remy" and the SKU number can be found on the back of the product label. The large rugs fail to meet federal standards for flammability and could ignite, posing fire and burn hazards to consumers. The small rugs fail to meet federal labeling requirements. Small rugs are not required to meet the federal flammability standard; however, they are required to be permanently labeled with the following statement: "FLAMMABLE (FAILS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STANDARD FF 2-70): SHOULD NOT BE USED NEAR SOURCES OF IGNITION."

Environmental Specification Finalized

An interagency subcommittee of the Sustainable Building Task Force finalized a groundbreaking environmental specification for modular office furniture purchased under State contract. The specification sets new industry standards for indoor air quality, prescribes a high level of recycled content in components and packaging, bans CFCs and HCFCs used in foam production, and addresses energy-efficient task lighting designed for work stations. The environmental specification also requires manufacturers to carry out solid waste audits and prepare waste reduction plans at manufacturing facilities. This benchmark modular furniture specification was the basis for developing Special Environmental Requirements (Section 01350), an environmental specification that establishes sustainable building criteria and guides material selection.

It is noteworthy that several modular furniture manufacturers participated in the bidding process and offered furniture products that met the stringent environmental requirements addressed in the specification at competitive prices. Significantly, the environmental specification helps explode the myth that environmentally friendly products cost more.

California has always been a leader in the environmental arena. As such, it is anticipated that the environmental specification for modular office furniture will serve as a model for other government and private sector entities throughout the country.

The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988

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The text of this Internet version of the Statutory Instrument which is published by the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament has been prepared to reflect the text as it was Made. A print version is also available and is published by The Stationery Office Limited as the The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988, ISBN 0110873246. The print version may be purchased by clicking here. Braille copies of this Statutory Instrument can also be purchased at the same price as the print edition.

Rehabilitation of Furniture

Furniture, Books, Etc.Furniture should be moved to the sunshine and fresh air. Drawer-slides and other working parts should be stacked separately and allowed to air dry. All mud and silt should then be removed. Care should be exercised to remove the furniture from the direct rays of the sun before it is subject to warping. Stoves and other metal fixtures should first have all the mud and silt removed and wiped with an oiled rag, polished or painted. Books should be allowed to dry carefully and slowly with alternate exposing to air and pressing. Toward the end of this treatment, books may be subjected to small amounts of artificial heat.

Rehabilitation of Rugs, Carpets

Rugs and carpets should be stretched out on a flat surface and allowed to thoroughly dry with alternate turning to prevent mold; followed by beating, sweeping or vacuum cleaning. Rugs that require shampooing should be washed with commercial rug shampoo products or with a soap jelly, and then wiped off, rinsed with clean water, and allowed to thoroughly dry. Soap jelly may be prepared by mixing one pint of mild soap powder or flakes with five parts of hot water and beat with an eggbeater until a stiff lather is formed. Resizing may be done with a commercial or homemade material. Homemade sizing may be prepared by mixing one-half pound of granulated glue to one gallon of boiling water. Stretch the rug out flat where it will not be disturbed, apply with a wide brush and allow to thoroughly dry. When practical, upholstery may be cleaned by following the procedures outlined for rugs.

Wainscot Armchair Furniture

It is rendered by Leo Drozdoff. The furniture is from the index of American Design. The wainscot chair was the fine chair of the Jacobean period. This one is made of oak, a wood commonly used in the seventeenth century. The paneled back of the chair is similar to panels on chests and cupboards of the same period. This aspect of Jacobean style is derived from wainscoting, the wooden paneling used in Elizabethan rooms. The arched niche cut into the center of the seat back and repeated in the carved arcades of the seat rail is another decorative motif adapted from an architectural form. Notice the turned bulbous shape of the front legs and the arm posts, which are a characteristic feature of Jacobean furniture.

Environmental Specification Finalized

An interagency subcommittee of the Sustainable Building Task Force finalized a groundbreaking environmental specification for modular office furniture purchased under State contract. The specification sets new industry standards for indoor air quality, prescribes a high level of recycled content in components and packaging, bans CFCs and HCFCs used in foam production, and addresses energy-efficient task lighting designed for work stations. The environmental specification also requires manufacturers to carry out solid waste audits and prepare waste reduction plans at manufacturing facilities. This benchmark modular furniture specification was the basis for developing Special Environmental Requirements (Section 01350), an environmental specification that establishes sustainable building criteria and guides material selection.

Environmental Floor Coverings

Floor coverings other than carpet make good environmental choices, and perhaps the best environmental choice is to use carpet only where necessary. The following carpet alternatives could be considered:

Natural linoleum is made from softwood powder, linseed oil, pine tree resins, cork, chalk, and jute backing. Natural linoleum uses renewable resources and offers durability without compromising aesthetics. The cork used in linoleum is harvested from the cork tree on an ongoing basis without harming the tree. Linoleum products include Marmoleum by Forbo Industries, Marmorette by Armstrong, and Linosom by Domco. Natural linoleum costs more than low-cost vinyl flooring, but durability and low-maintenance makes life-cycle costs lower.
Bamboo is a fast-growing, renewable flooring material with sustainable forest management practices.

Natural carpets are made from grasses, cotton, and wool, with minimal treatment. Wool carpet is made from a renewable resource and is durable and biodegradable. Natural carpet materials cost more than common carpet materials, but are competitively prices with standard high quality carpeting.

Recycled-content tile is made from waste glass such as light bulbs and auto windshields, and a byproduct of feldspar mining. Recycled-content glass tile often costs more than average tile products.

Ceramic tile offers outstanding durability and maintainability, with a high aesthetic value.
Resilient flooring such as Eco-Surfaces by Dodge-Regupol (100% recycled rubber) and Stratica by the Amtico Company (non-vinyl, VOC-free, chlorine-free flooring), are available.
Wood salvaged from existing buildings or from a forest certified as sustainably harvested are excellent environmental options. EcoTimber manufactures wood flooring from reclaimed, certified wood and other wood alternatives.

Concrete also offers a durable environmental alternative by using fewer resources when a concrete slab is made into a finished floor by adding color, texture, and patterns to the top layer of concrete with no additional covering.

Tips for Purchasing and Installing New Carpet

Some practical steps to consider before purchasing and installing new carpet

1. TALK TO THE CARPET RETAILER/INSTALLER. Ask about the carpet industry's voluntary "green label" program for new carpet. According to the carpet Industry, the label tells consumers that this carpet type has been tested and passed emissions criteria. The label, however, is not a guarantee that the carpet will not cause health problems. A toll-free phone number is available on the label for updated information on the industry's program.

Ask the retailer to unroll and air out the carpet in a well-ventilated area before Installation.
Ask for low-emitting adhesives if adhesives are needed.
Make sure the installer follows industry installation guidelines (Residential Carpet Installation Standard, CRI-105).

2. VENTILATE AREA WITH FRESH AIR to help reduce chemicals coming from carpet installation - Open doors and windows. Increasing the amount of fresh air In the home will reduce exposure to most chemicals released from carpet. During and after installation, use window fans and room air conditioners to exhaust fumes to the outdoors. If you have a ventilation system, be sure it is in proper working order. Operate it during installation, and keep it running for 48 to 72 hours after the new carpet is installed.

3. LEAVE THE HOUSE during and for several hours after carpet Installation.

4. CONTACT YOUR CARPET RETAILER if objectionable odors persist.

5. FOLLOW THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS for proper carpet maintenance.

X-ray Device Makes Scrubbing Rugs Clean a Spotless Effort

If “pulling the rug out from under” means suddenly withdrawing support and assistance, then NASA is pretty good at “putting the rug under” when it comes to offering technical support and assistance to private industry. In the case of a new X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensor featuring enhancements compliments of NASA, the Space Agency not only provided the rug, but helped give private industry a means to ensure it keeps clean.

This sensor, utilized by NASA to read chemical bar codes concealed by paint and other coatings, perform on-the-spot chemical analyses in field conditions, and detect difficult-to-identify contaminants, has found another use as a tool that can measure how much soil is removed from household and commercial carpets.

The original technology was developed in 2002 to conduct quality control for critical aluminum alloy parts destined for the space shuttle. Evaluation of these parts is critical for the Space Agency, as any signs of contamination, corrosion, or material deviation could compromise a shuttle mission.

Preventing Knee Injuries and Disorders in Carpet Layers

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in preventing knee injuries and disorders among carpet layers. These workers frequently report bursitis of the knee, fluid buildup requiring knee aspiration (knee taps), skin infections of the knee, and a variety of knee symptoms that are caused by frequent kneeling on hard surfaces and use of the knee kicker for stretching wall-to-wall carpet.

Although kneeling cannot be eliminated, carpet layers should wear protective knee pads whenever kneeling on hard surfaces. In addition, they should use the power stretcher--a safe alternative to the knee kicker that does not use the knee. Employers should ensure that each carpet layer is trained in the proficient use of the power stretcher and that a sufficient number of these devices are available to each crew of carpet installers.

NIOSH requests that the recommendations in this Alert be brought to the attention of carpet layers and contractors by the following individuals: employers of carpet layers (such as building contractors and carpet retailers), trade union representatives, instructors at carpet installation schools, manufacturers and dealers of carpet and carpet-stretching devices, editors of appropriate trade journals, and safety and health officials.

Fabrics - Use and Display

* Wearing heirloom clothing always introduces the risk of rips or stains. If you must wear it, avoid antiperspirants and makeup.

* Wear cotton gloves to handle heirloom fabrics. Move the fabrics on a support or in their boxes.

* Do not smoke, drink or eat near your garments. The fabric will absorb the smoke, and consequently the smell. Drips and crumbs will attract insects.

* Display fabrics flat or hung at an angle to reduce pull. When you bring your textiles out into the light, keep the light low and the occasion brief.

Ten Things You Should Know About Mold

1. Potential health effects and symptoms associated with mold exposures include allergic reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.
2. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment; the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.
3. If mold is a problem in your home or school, you must clean up the mold and eliminate sources of moisture.
4. Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
5. Reduce indoor humidity (to 30-60% ) to decrease mold growth by: venting bathrooms, dryers, and other moisture-generating sources to the outside; using air conditioners and de-humidifiers; increasing ventilation; and using exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning.
6. Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth.
7. Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry completely. Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
8. Prevent condensation: Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows, piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
9. In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install carpeting (i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent condensation).
10. Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can grow on virtually any substance, providing moisture is present. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.

Rugs Job prospects

In addition to employment growth, job openings are expected for carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers because of the need to replace workers who leave the occupation. The strenuous nature of the work leads to high replacement needs because many of these workers do not stay in the occupation long.

Few openings will arise for vinyl and linoleum floor installers because the number of these jobs is comparatively small and because homeowners can increasingly take advantage of easy application products, such as self-adhesive vinyl tiles.

Employment of carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers is slightly less sensitive to changes in construction activity than most other construction occupations because much of the work involves replacing worn carpet and other flooring in existing buildings. However, workers in these trades may still experience periods of unemployment when the overall level of construction falls. On the other hand, shortages of these workers may occur in some areas during peak periods of building activity.

Conditions of carpet

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers generally work indoors and regular daytime hours. However, when carpet installers recarpet stores or offices, they may work evenings and weekends to avoid disturbing customers or employees. Installers and finishers usually work under better conditions than most other construction workers. By the time workers install carpets, flooring, or tile in a new structure, most construction has been completed and the work area is relatively clean and uncluttered. Installing these materials is labor intensive; workers spend much of their time bending, kneeling, and reaching—activities that require endurance. Carpet installers frequently lift heavy rolls of carpet and may move heavy furniture. Safety regulations may require that they wear kneepads or safety goggles when using certain tools.

Although workers are subject to cuts from tools or materials, falls from ladders, and strained muscles, the occupation is not as hazardous as some other construction occupations.

Government Purchasers Roll Out the Green Carpet

When you hear California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger bragging about the state's green carpet, he is not referring to the color. He is instead praising the high performance environmental features incorporated into every square foot of carpet California has bought since September 2006.

Each year, California buys 12 million square feet of carpet, enough to cover 47 miles of four-lane highway. Last year, the state began requiring manufactures to meet the new California Gold environmentally preferable carpet standard. The standard includes an extensive variety of environmental requirements covering indoor air quality, hazardous-materials content, recycled- and bio-based content, and dozens of related criteria.

There are currently six companies with 13 California Gold or Platinum certified products available in a wide variety of styles and colors. According to Dan Burgoyne, the Sustainability Manager for California's Department of General Services, California is not paying any additional cost for the more environmentally preferable carpets.

Carpet Manufacturers

Incorporating sustainability into carpet manufacturing means more than putting recycled content into face fiber. Many companies offer recycled content backing, modular tiles that extend carpet life, recycled content cushion, durability, low- or no-VOC adhesives, techniques that eliminate the need for adhesives, refurbishing programs that extend carpet life, and recovery programs that keep carpets out of the landfill. Several manufacturers have even committed to reduce the life-cycle impacts of carpet by reducing emissions at manufacturing plants, using solar or other renewable energy to power their plants, and making a commitment to reducing waste, toxics, and non-renewable resource depletion. Consider all of these impacts when choosing a carpet manufacturer.

Work environment in carpet

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers usually work indoors and have regular daytime hours. However, when floor covering installers need to work in occupied stores or offices, they may work evenings and weekends to avoid disturbing customers or employees. By the time workers install carpets, flooring, or tile in a new structure, most construction has been completed and the work area is relatively clean and uncluttered. Installing these materials is labor intensive; workers spend much of their time bending, kneeling, and reaching—activities that require endurance. The work can be very hard on workers’ knees and back. Carpet installers frequently lift heavy rolls of carpet and may move heavy furniture, which requires strength and can be physically exhausting. Safety regulations may require that they wear kneepads or safety goggles when using certain tools. Carpet and floor layers may be exposed to fumes from various kinds of glue and to fibers of certain types of carpet.

Although workers are subject to cuts from tools or materials, falls from ladders, and strained muscles, the occupation is not as hazardous as some other construction occupations.

Recycled Rug Fibers

Nylon Nylon carpet uses one of two types of nylon face fiber – nylon 6 or nylon 6,6. Recycled content percentages are often lower in both types than P.E.T. carpets, but nylon fibers, particularly nylon 6 fibers, are often easier to recycle at the end of its life. All of the following nylon manufacturers’ recycled content levels are Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)-certified.

Honeywell Infinity Forever Renewable Nylon: The Infinity Forever Renewable Nylon is nylon 6 made from recycled nylon 6 carpet fibers. (Recycled content percentages vary). Used in Mohawk Commercial carpets. Recycled content comes from the Evergreen Nylon Recycling program, Honeywell Zeftron Nylon: Zeftron Nylon has three nylon 6 lines of face fiber that use a range of recycled content. Zeftron Savant uses the highest, with 50% total recycled content, 25% of which is post-consumer. Zeftron Select and Zeftron Solure both contain 25% post-industrial recycled content. http://www.zeftronnylon.com/ Recycled content comes from the 6ix Again closed loop recycling program.

Invista Antron Nylon: Invista manufactures three nylon 6,6 face fiber products with recycled content - Antron Legacy, Antron nylon with StainResist, and Antron Lumena. Antron Lumena comes standard with at least 5% recycled content, with all three lines containing 90% post-industrial content on a select basis, depending on the carpet manufacturer. The Invista Reclamation Program will reclaim any carpet when specified in the installation of a new carpet.

Recycled-Content Face Fiber

While many factors contribute to the overall life-cycle costs of a carpet, one way companies can reduce impacts of the manufacturing process is to use recycled content in the face fiber of the carpet. Presently, most recycled nylon comes from post-industrial fiber (waste from extrusion and yarn mills, clean lint and edge trim from finishing lines) but the technology is rapidly improving to convert used nylon fiber into new carpet. As more used carpet becomes available and manufacturing plants adapt their facilities to meet the new technology, the percent of post-consumer content should increase. Keep in mind that the amount of post-industrial content should not be a selection criterion, because as companies become more efficient at reducing waste in the manufacturing process, the percentage of post-industrial recycled content in commercial yarn should drop. It may not be possible to specify the type of face fiber or the amount of recycled content, but you can choose carpet manufacturers who choose one of the following fibers.

P.E.T. Carpet made with recycled P.E.T. (e.g., soda bottles) face fibers often has the highest percentage recycled content. P.E.T. fibers are naturally stain resistant and do not require the chemical treatments used on some nylon carpet. Fibers retain their color and resist fading due to sun or harsh cleaning. Shades can be richer and brighter than those found in nylon yarns. P.E.T. carpet manufacturers claim P.E.T. is superior to lower grades of virgin synthetic fibers and that is has exceptional strength and durability. At the time of this report, no programs to recycle used P.E.T. carpet back into new carpet exist, but fibers can be down-cycled into other products such as car parts, insulation, transportation devices, and furniture stuffing.

Braided Rugs and Handmade Shoes Display

A Tale of Braided Rugs and Handmade Shoes, will be on exhibit at the Mary E. Black Gallery, Nova Scotia Centre for Craft and Design, 1683 Barrington Street, Halifax, from Jan. 28 to March 20.

In 1882, Oscar Wilde wrote: "And what is the meaning of this beautiful decoration which we call art? In the first place, it means value to the workman and it means the pleasure which he most necessarily takes in making a beautiful thing. The mark of all good art is not that the thing is done exactly or finely, for machinery may do as much, but that it is worked out with the head and the worker's heart."

Curator Noreen Battaglia has considered this quote for the exhibit, which features braided, hooked and painted rugs, embodiments of her statement, "Old cloth made useful contained family memories and acted as a family diary."

The works range from traditional braided rugs by Bill Barrett and Eleanor Rinehardt to contemporary pieces such as Rosemary MacAuley's welcome mats braided with encylopedia texts, and a painted rug by Rose Adams. Rosanne Nicholson's display of a hooked rug was made in memory of her beloved cats. The rug, which reveals images of cats, will be presented as part of a cat's corner complete with a scratching post and pottery feeding bowls. Handmade shoes by Jude Major, Kay Stanfield and Ken Nye provide the rug's counterpart.

"The carpet and shoe are metaphors to enhance a wider understanding of the human and animal imprint of an earlier time, said Ms. Battaglia. "Creative play allows the artist to search into deeper levels of identifying methods to envisage into those imprints. A journey begins with the spark that ignites once the foot imprints a surface, telling the story of everyone involved."

The centre is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Friday, and on Saturday from 10 a.m to 4 p.m.

Raising Rare Sheep and Creating Wool Rugs

Growing up in the town of Mt. Sterling, Elizabeth Ann Brown was always fascinated by sheep. In 1984 she and her husband moved to their 125 acre farm on Grassy Lick Road and began raising sheep. She now tends a flock of 70, including the seven rare breeds of Dorset, Lincoln, English Leicester Longwool, Rambouillet, Karakul and Border Leicester. The fleeces from each breed have a variety of colors and textures – from pale gray, dark gray, and soft brown to creamy white. Once common on American farms, these breeds are “rare” meaning that today there are fewer than 1,000 registered in North America and fewer that 5,000 worldwide.

Elizabeth soon learned that the wool from each different rare breed, had very different characteristics - some being lustrous, some long and curly, and some with incredibly strong fibers. She learned how to spin, and with so much wool on hand began making braided rugs. Rug making has now become a full time occupation. After shearing her sheep in May, she washes the wool fleeces, sorts them and takes them to a woolen mill to be cut into un-spun strips called roving. She then dyes this wool roving using natural dyes she creates from plants growing on her farm. The dyed wool roving is then braided and sewn to make one-of-a-kind, warm and woolly rugs.

Works by Elizabeth Ann Brown are regularly available at the Kentucky Artisan Center located just off Interstate 75 at exit 77 (Berea). The Center’s exhibits, shopping, and travel information areas are all open daily from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and the café from 8 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Admission is free. The Center currently features works by more than 650 artisans from all across the Commonwealth. The Kentucky Artisan Center at Berea is an agency in the Commerce Cabinet of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

Installation of Area Rugs

Carpet installers use hand tools such as hammers, drills, staple guns, carpet knives, and rubber mallets. They also may use carpetlaying tools, such as carpet shears, knee kickers, wall trimmers, loop pile cutters, heat irons, and power stretchers.

Floor installers and floor layers lay floor coverings such as laminate, linoleum, vinyl, cork, and rubber for decorative purposes, or to deaden sounds, absorb shocks, or create air-tight environments. Although they also may install carpet, wood or tile, that is not their main job. Before installing the floor, floor layers inspect the surface to be covered and, if necessary, correct any deficiencies, such as a rotted or unleveled sub-floor, in order to start with a sturdy, smooth, clean foundation. They measure and cut floor covering materials. When installing linoleum or vinyl, they may use an adhesive to cement the material directly to the floor. For laminate floor installation, workers may unroll and install a polyethylene film which acts as a moisture barrier, along with a thicker, padded underlayer which helps reduce noise. Cork and rubber floors often can be installed directly on top of the sub-floor without any underlayer. Finally, floor layers install the floor covering to form a tight fit.

Nature of Area Rugs

Carpet, tile, and other types of floor coverings not only serve an important basic function in buildings, but their decorative qualities also contribute to the appeal of the buildings. Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers lay floor coverings in homes, offices, hospitals, stores, restaurants, and many other types of buildings. Tile also may be installed on walls and ceilings.

Before installing carpet, carpet installers first inspect the surface to be covered to determine its condition and, if necessary, correct any imperfections that could show through the carpet or cause the carpet to wear unevenly. They measure the area to be carpeted and plan the layout, keeping in mind expected traffic patterns and placement of seams for best appearance and maximum wear.

Carpet Maintenance

Frequent and good maintenance is the key to a long lasting and good-looking carpet. Commercial areas with heavy traffic should be vacuumed daily, with equipment that has powerful suction and an enclosed HEPA filtration bag. Every 6-12 months, the carpet should be extraction cleaned, preferably by hot water or steam. Some methods such as dry foam or dry extraction use chemicals that can emit fumes and cause indoor air quality problems. Clean up spills immediately to prevent stains and fungal growth.

Carpet should not be installed near entrance doors or areas where moisture and organic matter can contaminate them. Walk-off mats at entrances should be installed or that portion of carpet should be cleaned more often than less trafficked carpet. Carpet fibers are an excellent medium for dust mites and microbial agents, especially if the carpet becomes wet and cannot be properly dried. Carpet can be purchased treated with antimicrobial agents that resist the growth of microorganisms.

Indoor Air Quality and Carpet Installation

Ensure that your new carpet meets indoor air quality standards. The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) has an Indoor Air Quality Carpet Testing Green Label which sets carpet standards. Adhering to the CRI standards is recommended, but requiring the CRI Label in specs may eliminate certain carpet manufacturers such as Collins & Aikman which may exceed CRI standards, but do not use the CRI Label.

Several manufacturers, including Milliken, Interface, Bentley Prince Street, Mohawk, Shaw, and Collins & Aikmen have either committed to entirely PVC-free manufacturing or produced PVC-free carpet backing.

Carpet can be a major source of indoor air contamination. The adhesives used to install carpets and the latex rubber used by some manufacturers to adhere face fibers to backing materials generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carpets also cover large surfaces within an interior environment and can provide “sinks” for the absorption of VOCs from other sources. Installing carpets in strict accordance with CRI guidelines, as well as additional measures such as requiring suppliers to unroll and air-out carpets in the warehouse before bringing them into the building, will minimize the risks of indoor air quality problems resulting from the carpet. Tests indicate that carpet emissions will dissipate within 48 to 72 hours with proper ventilation.

Commercial carpets can be installed with water based, low VOC adhesives, or the products can be purchased with preapplied adhesive. Carpet tiles allow for the replacement of individual tiles when they are soiled or damaged, but the production of tiles may require more bonding agents than broadloom. A variety of adhesives are included in the CRI Green Label program; water-based adhesives are available from the distributors listed below. Rubber-based recycled padding is commonly used and can outgas. Recycled padding made from recycled carpet fibers may be more suitable for environmentally sensitive persons. Carpet cushion is tested in the CRI program and a variety of cushion products qualify to carry the CRI Green Label.

Quality Area Rugs Education and Training

Informal training for carpet installers often is sponsored by individual contractors. Workers start as helpers, and begin with simple assignments, such as installing stripping and padding, or helping to stretch newly installed carpet. With experience, helpers take on more difficult assignments, such as measuring, cutting, and fitting.

Tile and marble setters also learn their craft mostly through on-the-job training. They start by helping carry materials and learning about the tools of the trade. They then learn to prepare the subsurface for tile or marble. As they progress, they learn to cut the tile and marble to fit the job. They also learn to apply grout and sealants used in finishing the materials to give it its final appearance. Apprenticeship programs and some contractor-sponsored programs provide comprehensive training in all phases of the tilesetting and floor layer trades.

Other floor layers also learn on the job and begin by learning how to use the tools of the trade. They next learn to prepare surfaces to receive flooring. As they progress, they learn to cut and install the various floor coverings.

RUG Refinement Model

The aim of the "RUG Refinement" is to improve the ability of the existing RUG-III classification system to explain non-therapy ancillary (NTA) costs. The Urban Institute re-examined prior efforts by Abt Associates (2000) and Dr. Brant Fries (2003) using data from our 2001 analysis files and replicated and validated the research. Under this approach, the existing RUG-III classification system continues to be used while adding categories that account for beneficiaries who receive both extensive medical services and rehabilitation, i.e. the medically complex. See download section below for the final report by the Urban Institute, Options for Improving Medicare Payment for SNFs (March 2007), which discusses the refinement analyses. The download section below also contains tables showing the updated RUG-53 unadjusted case-mix indices and the updated 2001 distribution of days for the RUG-44 and RUG-53 models.

Council finds quality furniture a new home

Islington Council's new furniture reuse collection service picks up good quality household furniture that residents no longer want and gives charities the opportunity to put it to good use.

Thanks to this new scheme, Charities MORPH and HomeStore can now collect a range of good quality furniture such as wardrobes, display units, chests of drawers, three-piece suites and double beds from street properties up and down the borough. The charities then pass on low cost furniture to people who need it.

Lucy Watt, executive member for environment, said "This new doorstep reuse collection service is making it easier for local people to put their old furniture to good use. This innovative scheme is one of the first in London to offer local people a reuse collection from their doorstep and I'm delighted that Islington Council is once again at the forefront of developing new ways for residents to reduce their waste."

The purpose of these collections is to reuse items that still have a use that would otherwise have gone to landfill. It is estimated that of the 3.2 million households in London the number of furniture items thrown out each year that may be re-usable is approximately 800,000.
The scheme has been launched in the north of Islington and new areas will be added to the scheme throughout the next few months. All street properties in Islington will be offered a collection by the end of the project.

John Fleming of Morph "We are really pleased to be working closely with Islington Council because it gives a fantastic chance to get Islington residents aware of the need to reuse. We take furniture and household items and sell them through our shops to the general public and those on low incomes whilst training the unemployed and disadvantaged through those same outlets giving them skills to seek full time employment. By working closely together we can ensure less waste is sent to landfill sites which makes sense for the environment and more people are helped in the process."

The reuse charities also provide training and work experience for young people who are long term unemployed and living in the borough. The programme provides training in transport, distribution, warehousing and office administration under the supervision of trained staff. This training encourages socially excluded groups to attain labour market skills while running a furniture service for low-income families.

Richard Featherstone, Regional Development Manager, London Community Recycling Network "Furniture reuse is going to be the most important solution to reducing bulky waste in future. That's because so many of the materials in bulky waste are not recyclable. We like working with Islington Council because they have foresight and the will to find new ways of dealing with waste".

Make Your Home Glossom Adding Quality Area Rugs

Other than wasting energy by turning on the heat and toting around your down covers, did you know that adding rugs into your home will help keep your house warm? It’s true, especially if you’re one of the many who happen to have hardwood floors. Sure hardwood floors are beautiful and all, but that’s probably what you’re not thinking once winter hits. Adding rugs in the main areas of your home that get the most traffic will help keep your little toes warm while protecting your floors. OK, so you could wear socks and not have any rugs, but why risk slipping on those darn floors and hurting yourself? Consider this: having a rug is like ensuring that you won’t hurt yourself as bad; if you happen to slip and fall it won’t hurt as much as landing straight on your hardwood floors! Really, what’ve you got to lose other than the cold? Plus, having a rug will really add a warm mood to your home.

Rules for protect Area Rugs

Wall-to-wall carpeting, most large area rugs and any rug with foam backing should be discarded if flooded with contaminated water. Except for valuable rugs, the time and expense of professional cleaning generally is not worth the effort or the health risk.
If you are determined to salvage carpeting soaked with contaminated water, consult a professional cleaning company that services carpets at its own cleaning and drying facilities. A steam cleaning (hot-water extraction) method is preferable.
A wall-to-wall carpet soaked by clean rainwater can be salvaged. Have it professionally cleaned or clean it using the directions below.
Throw rugs usually can be cleaned adequately in a washing machine.

CLEANING RAIN-SOAKED CARPETS

Cleaning basement carpeting indoors is not a good idea in summer because you are adding even more moisture to an already wet area. If the carpeting is installed with tack strips you may be able to remove it, have it cleaned and reinstalled. Padding is nearly impossible to clean so it should be replaced.

If you can't remove the carpeting, dry it as quickly as possible to minimize growth of mildew. If possible, use a wet/dry vacuum system. A dehumidifier can help remove moisture from the air. Keep windows closed when using a dehumidifier.

When the carpet is thoroughly dry, vacuum the area. Shampoo and repeat the drying process. Keep in mind that most modern carpeting is made of nylon and should not be treated with bleach. Vacuum again. You can reduce a musty smell with the following process: a) Sprinkle baking soda over the carpet, working it in with a broom or sponge mop.b) Leave the baking soda treatment on overnight.c) Vacuum the baking soda out. Vacuum twice, moving back and forth in a different direction the second time.

Area Rugs Sales Success at Major Trade Show

A delegation of 10 Afghan rug producers, with the support of the Department of Commerce’s Afghanistan Investment and Reconstruction Task Force, brought their products to Atlanta, Georgia, on January 18–21, 2007, to participate in the AmericasMart Atlanta International Area Rug Show. The trade show is the largest wholesale marketplace of its kind in the world, showcasing a wide variety of consumer goods and attracting more than 548,000 attendees from every U.S. state and 80 different countries.

A feature of the Atlanta show was a special exhibit of Afghan rugs, titled “Afghan Impressions: Area Rug Artistry and Inspiration.” Keynote speakers for the exhibit opening included Dr. Mir Muhammad Amin Farhang, Afghan minister of commerce and industries, and David Sampson, U.S. deputy secretary of commerce. They delivered remarks to an audience of more than 200 prospective buyers, prominent sector investors, and community and government leaders.

The trade show was a success for the Afghan participants. Virtually all of the rugs on display were sold, and many orders were placed by major wholesalers and retailers from across the United States.

The task force has been working since 2002 to increase bilateral business ties and to stimulate trade between the United States and Afghanistan. Two-way trade between the countries reached $372 million in 2006, a 91 percent increase over 2005. Afghan rugs are allowed duty-free access to the United States.

Benefits Offered in Furniture

Furniture offers a wide range of office related products to clients inclusive of

* office desks and chairs
* meeting room tables and chairs
* armchairs
* bookcases
* library and stockroom shelving
* computer work stations and computer keyboard mechanisms
* magazine racks
* cabinets

Consultation to clients, including detailed analysis of workspace, and will even custom build and design products when necessary to meet client needs are provided. Refurbishing program of used furniture, and a small inventory of used furniture will be available. Delivery and installation of all products will also be arranged upon request.

Jute Rugs

Adding a bit of nature into your home isn’t as annoying as decking out your kitchen in that tiresome rooster motif. Instead, why not test out a jute rug on your floor? Naturally, jute is one of the most environmentally sound materials (pun intended). Jute fibers are harvested mostly in the jungle regions of China and India and are ideal for rugs, clothing, rope and other fabrics. They are also extremely resilient and durable, which means your rug can face the most destructive behavior without falling apart. Additionally, jute is surprisingly affordable compared to other rugs, which means you get more rug for your moola. With a consistently neutral palette and interweaving construction, jute rugs are an excellently subtle and eco-friendly way of decorating an interior in a refined yet casual manner. Plus, there are no barnyard animals involved.